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the misery caused by war

  • 1 misery

    noun
    1) Elend, das

    make somebody's life a misery — jemandem das Leben zur Qual machen

    put somebody out of his misery — (fig.) jemanden nicht länger auf die Folter spannen

    miseries — Elend, das; Nöte

    2) (coll.): (discontented person)

    misery[-guts] — Miesepeter, der (ugs. abwertend)

    * * *
    ['mizəri]
    plural - miseries; noun
    ((something that causes) unhappiness: the misery of the fatherless children; Forget your miseries and come out with me!) das Elend
    * * *
    mis·ery
    [ˈmɪzəri, AM -ɚi]
    n
    1. no pl (suffering) Elend nt, Not f
    to live in \misery im Elend [o in Not] leben
    2. no pl (unhappiness) Jammer m
    a picture of \misery ein Bild des Jammers
    3. (strain)
    ▪ miseries pl Qualen pl, Strapazen pl
    ▪ to be a \misery ein Trauerkloß fam [o fam Miesepeter] sein
    5.
    ▶ to make sb's life a \misery jdm das Leben zur Qual [o Hölle] machen
    ▶ to put an animal out of its \misery ein Tier von seinen Leiden erlösen
    ▶ to put sb out of his/her \misery ( hum) jdn nicht länger auf die Folter spannen fam
    * * *
    ['mIzərɪ]
    n
    1) (= sadness) Kummer m, Trauer f

    she looked the picture of misery — sie war ein Bild des Jammers

    2) (= suffering) Qualen pl; (= wretchedness) Elend nt

    a life of misery — ein erbärmliches or jämmerliches or elendes Leben

    3) (Brit inf = person) Miesepeter m (inf)
    * * *
    misery [ˈmızərı] s
    1. auch pl Elend n, pl auch (Seelen)Qualen pl:
    everyone to their own misery jedem sein eigenes, selbstverschuldetes Elend;
    live a life of misery ein erbärmliches Leben führen;
    make sb’s life a misery jemandem das Leben zur Hölle oder Qual machen;
    put an animal out of its misery ein Tier von seinen Qualen erlösen;
    put sb out of their misery umg jemanden erlösen, jemanden nicht länger auf die Folter spannen
    2. umg Miesepeter m:
    you old misery!
    * * *
    noun
    1) Elend, das

    put somebody out of his misery — (fig.) jemanden nicht länger auf die Folter spannen

    miseries — Elend, das; Nöte

    2) (coll.): (discontented person)

    misery[-guts] — Miesepeter, der (ugs. abwertend)

    * * *
    n.
    Elend nur sing. n.
    Erbärmlichkeit f.
    Jammer - m.
    Jämmerlichkeit f.
    Not ¨-e f.

    English-german dictionary > misery

  • 2 दुर् _dur

    दुर् ind. (A prefix substituted for दुस् before words beginning with vowels or soft consonants in the sense of 'bad'. 'hard' or 'difficult to do a certain thing'; for compounds with दुस् as first member see दुस् s. v.).
    -Comp. -अक्ष a.
    1 weak-eyed.
    -2 evileyed.
    (-क्षः) 1 a loaded or false die.
    -2 dishonest gambling.
    -अक्षरम् an evil word; श्रुतिं ममाविश्य भवद्दुरक्षरं सृजत्यदः कीटकवदुत्कटा रुजः N.9.63.
    -अतिक्रम a. difficult to be overcome or conquered, unconquerable; सर्वं तु तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरति- क्रमम् Ms.11.2.38; स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः 'nature cannot be changed'; स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा Pt.1.
    -2 insurmountable, impassable; B. R.6.18-19.
    -3 inevitable. (
    -मः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -अत्यय a.
    1 difficult to be overcome; स्वर्गमार्गपरिघो दुरत्ययः R.11.88.
    -2 hard to be attained or fathomed; स एष आत्मा स्वपरेत्यबुद्धिभिर्दुरत्यया- नुक्रमणो निरूप्यते Bhāg.7.5.13.
    -अदृष्टम् ill-luck, misfortune.
    -अधिग, -अधिगम a.
    1 hard to reach or attain, unattainable; Bhāg.3.23.8; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत्पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33.
    -2 insurmountable.
    -3 hard to be studied or understood; इह दुरधिगमैः किञ्चि- देवागमैः Ki.5.18.
    -अधिष्ठित a. badly performed, managed, or executed. (
    -तम्) improper stay at a place.
    -अधीत a. badly learnt or read.
    -अध्यय a.
    1 difficult of attainment; सहस्रवर्त्मा चपलैर्दुरध्ययः Śi.12.11.
    -2 hard to be studied.
    -अध्यवसायः a foolish undertaking.
    -अध्वः a bad road; स्वयं दुरध्वार्णवनाविकाः कथं स्पृशन्तु विज्ञाय हृदापि तादृशीम् N.9.33.
    -अन्त a.
    1 whose end is difficult to be reached, endless, infinite; संकर्षणाय सूक्ष्माय दुरन्तायान्तकाय च Bhāg.
    -2 ending ill or in misery, unhappy; अहो दुरन्ता बलवद्विरोधिता Ki.1.23; नृत्यति युवति- जनेन समं सखि विरहिजनस्य दुरन्ते (वसन्ते) Gīt.1; इयमुदरदरी- दुरन्तधारा यदि न भवेदभिमानभङ्गभूमिः Udb.
    -3 hard to be understood or known.
    -4 insurmountable.
    -अन्तक a. = दुरन्त q. v. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -अन्वय a.
    1 difficult to be passed along; Mb.14.51.17.
    -2 hard to be carried out or followed.
    -3 difficult to be attained. or understood; बुद्धिश्च ते महाप्राज्ञ देवैरपि दुरन्वया Rām.3. 66.18.
    -4 not suitable, improper; वचो दुरन्वयं विप्रास्तूष्णी- मासन्भ्रमद्धियः Bhāg.1.84.14.
    (-यः) 1 a wrong conclusion, one wrongly inferred from given premisses.
    -2 (in gram.) a false agreement.
    -अपवादः ill report. slander.
    -अभिग्रह a. difficult to be caught.
    -अभि- मानिन् a. vain-glorious, disagreeably proud.
    - अवगम a. incomprehensible; Bhāg.5.13.26.
    -अवग्रह a.
    1 difficult to be restrained or subjugated; भक्ता भजस्व दुरवग्रह मा त्यजास्मान् Bhāg.1.29.31.
    -2 disagreeable.
    -अवग्राह a. difficult to be attained; Bhāg.7.1.19.
    -अवच्छद a. difficult to be hidden; हेतुभिर्लक्षयांचक्रुराप्रीतां दुरवच्छदैः Bhāg.1.62.28.
    -अवबोध a. unintelligible. Bhāg.1.49.29.
    -अवसित a. unfathomed, difficult to be ascertained, द्युपतिभिरजशक्रशंकराद्यैर्दुरवसितस्तवमच्युतं नतो$स्मि Bhāg.12.12.67.
    -अवस्थ a. ill off, badly or poorly circumstanced.
    -अवस्था, -स्थानम् a wretched or miser- able state; Bhāg.5.3.12.
    -अवाप a. difficult to be gained or fulfilled; Ś.1.
    -अवेक्षितम् an improper look.
    -अह्नः a bad day.
    -आकृति a. ugly, mis-shaped.
    -आक्रन्द a. crying bitterly or miserably; किं क्रन्दसि दुराक्रन्द स्वपक्ष- क्षयकारक Pt.4.29.
    -आक्रम a.
    1 invincible, unconquer- able.
    -2 difficult to be passed.
    -आक्रमणम् 1 unfair attack.
    -2 difficult approach.
    -आगमः improper or illegal acquisition.
    -आग्रहः foolish obstinacy, head- strongness, pertinacity; ममाहमित्यूढदुराग्रहाणां पुंसाम् Bhāg.3. 5.43.
    1 hard to be performed.
    -2 incurable (as a disease).
    -आचार a.
    1 ill-conducted, badly be- haved.
    -2 following bad practices, wicked, depraved; अपि चेत्सुदुराचारो भजते मामनन्यभाक् Bg.9.3. (
    -रः) bad practice, ill-conduct, wikedness.
    -आढ्य a. not rich, poor.
    -आत्मता vileness, baseness, wickedness.
    -आत्मन् a. evil-natured, low, wicked, vile, base, mean; ये च प्राहुर्दुरात्मानो दुराराध्या महीभुजः Pt.1.39. (-m.) a rascal, villain, scoundrel.
    - आधर a. difficult to be withstood or overpowered, irresistible.
    -आधर्ष a. hard to be approached or assailed, unassailable जगन्नाथो दुराधर्षो गङ्गां भागीरथीं प्रति Mb.
    -2 not to be attacked with impu- nity.
    -3 haughty. (
    -र्षः) white mustard.
    -आधारः an epithet of Śiva.
    -आधिः (m.)
    1 distress or anxiety of mind; निरस्तनारीसमया दुराधयः Ki.1.28.
    -2 indignation.
    -आधी a. Ved. malignant, thinking ill of.
    - आनम a. difficult to bend or draw; स विचिन्त्य धनुर्दुरानमम् R.11.38.
    -आप a.
    1 difficult to be obtained; श्रिया दुरापः कथमीप्सितो भवेत् Ś.3.13; R.1.72;6.62.
    -2 difficult to be ap- proached; Pt.1.67.
    -3 hard to be overcome.
    -आपादन a. difficult to be brought about; किं दुरापादनं तेषाम् Bhāg.3.23.42.
    -आपूर a. difficult to be filled or satisfied; Bhāg.7.6.8.
    -आबाध a. hard to be molested. (
    -धः) N. of Śiva.
    -आमोदः bad scent, stench; शवधूमदुरामोदः शालिभक्ते$त्र विद्यते Ks.82.22.
    -आराध्य a. difficult to be propitiated, hard to be won over or conciliated; दुराराध्याः श्रियो राज्ञां दुरापा दुष्परिग्रहाः Pt.1.38.
    -आरुह a. difficult to be mounted.
    (-हः) 1 the Bilva tree.
    -2 the cocoanut tree.
    -3 the date tree.
    -आरोप a. difficult to be strung (bow); दुरारोपमैन्दुशेखरं धनुर्दुर्निवारा रावणभुजदण्डाः B. R.1.46-47.
    -आरोह a. difficult of ascent.
    (-हः) 1 The cocoanut tree.
    -2 the palm tree.
    -3 the date tree.
    -आलापः 1 a curse, imprecation.
    -2 foul of abusive language.
    -आलोक a.
    1 difficult to be seen or perceived.
    -2 painfully bright, dazzling; दुरालोकः स समरे निदाघाम्बररत्नवत् K. P.1. (
    -कः) dazzling splendour.
    -आव(वा)र a.
    1 difficult to be covered or filled up; दुरावरं त्वदन्येन राज्यखण्डमिदं महत् Rām.2.15.5.
    -2 difficult to be restrained, shut in, kept back or stopped.
    -आवर्त a. difficult to be convinced or set up; भवन्ति सुदुरावर्ता हेतुमन्तो$पि पण्डिताः Mb.12.19.23.
    1 evil-minded, wicked, malicious, स्फुटनिर्भिन्नो दुराशयो$धमः Śi. उपेयिवान् मूलमशेषमूलं दुराशयः कामदुघाङ्घ्रिपस्य Bhāg.3.21.15.
    -2 having a bad place or rest. (-m.) the subtle body which is not destroyed by death (लिङ्गदेह); एतन्मे जन्म लोके$स्मिन्मुमुक्षूणां दुराशयात् Bhāg.3.24. 36.
    -आशा 1 a bad or wicked desire.
    -2 hoping against hope.
    -आस a. difficult to be abided or associated with; संघर्षिणा सह गुणाभ्यधिकैर्दुरासम् Śi.5.19.
    1 difficult to be approached or overtaken; स सभूव दुरासदः परैः R.3.66; 8.4; Mv.2.5; 4.15.
    -2 difficult to be found or met with.
    -3 unequalled, unparalleled.
    -4 hard to be borne, insupportable.
    -5 difficult to be conquered, unassailable, unconquerable; जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूपं दुरासदम् Bg.3.43. (
    -दः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -इत a.
    1 difficult.
    -2 sinful.
    (-तम्) 1 a bad course, evil, sin; दरिद्राणां दैन्यं दुरितमथ दुर्वासनहृदां द्रुतं दूरीकुर्वन् G. L.2; R.8.2; Amaru.2; Mv.3.43.
    -2 a difficulty, danger.
    -3 a calamity, evil; अपत्ये यत्तादृग्- दुरितमभवत् U.4.3.
    -इतिः f. Ved.
    1 a bad course.
    -2 difficulty.
    -इष्टम् 1 a curse, imprecation.
    -2 a spell or sacrificial rite performed to injure another person.
    -ईशः a bad lord or master.
    -ईषणा, -एषणा 1 a curse, an imprecation.
    -2 an evil eye.
    -उक्त a. harshly utter- ed; Pt.1.89.
    -उक्तम्, -उक्तिः f. offensive speech, reproach, abuse, censure; लक्ष्मि क्षमस्व वचनीयमिदं दुरुक्तम् Udb.
    -उच्छेद a. difficult to be destroyed.
    -उत्तर a.
    1 unanswerable.
    -2 difficult to be crossed; दुरुत्तरे पङ्क इवान्धकारे Bk.11.2; प्राप्तः पङ्को दुरुत्तरः Ki.15.17.
    - उदय a. appearing with difficulty, not easily manifested; यो$ नात्मनां दुरुदयो भगवान्प्रतीतः Bhāg.3.16.5.
    -उदर्क a. having bad or no consequences; N.5.41.
    -उदाहर a. diffi- cult to be pronounced or composed; अनुज्झितार्थसंबन्धः प्रबन्धो दुरुदाहरः Śi.2.73.
    -उद्वह a. burdensome, unbear- able.
    - उपसद a. difficult of approach; Ki.7.9.
    -उपसर्पिन् a. approaching incautiously; एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् Ms.7.9.
    -ऊह a. abstruse; जानीते जयदेव एव शरणः श्लाघ्ये दुरूहद्रुते Gīt.
    -एव a. Ved.
    1 having evil ways.
    -2 irresis- tible, unassailable. (
    -वः) a wicked person.
    -ओषस् a. Ved. slow, lazy.
    - ग 1 difficult of access, inaccessible, impervious, impassable; दुर्गस्त्वेष महापन्थाः Mb.12.3. 5; दुर्गं पथस्तत्कवयो वदन्ति Kaṭh.1.3.14.
    -2 unattain- able.
    -3 incomprehensible.
    -4 following wicked path, vicious; Rām.2.39.22.
    (-गः, -गम्) 1 a difficult or narrow passage through a wood or over a stream, mountain &c., a defile, narrow pass.
    -2 a citadel. fortress, castle; न दुर्गं दुर्गमित्येव दुर्गमं मन्यते जनः । तस्य दुर्गमता सैव यत्प्रभुस्तस्य दुर्गमः ॥ Śiva. B.16.61.
    -3 rough ground.
    -4 difficulty, adversity, calamity, distress, danger; निस्तारयतिं दुर्गाच्च Ms.3.98;11.43; मच्चित्तः सर्व- दुर्गाणि मत्प्रसादात्तरिष्यसि; Bg.18.58.
    (-गः) 1 bdellium.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -3 N. of an Asura slain by Durgā (thus receiving her name from him). ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚पतिः, ˚पालः the commandant or governor of a castle. ˚अन्तः The suburb of a fort; दुर्गान्ते सिद्धतापसाः Kau. A. 1.12. ˚कर्मन् n. fortification. ˚कारक a. making difficult. (
    -कः) the birch tree. ˚घ्नी N. of Durgā. ˚तरणी an epithet of Sāvitrī. सावित्री दुर्गतरणी वीणा सप्तविधा तथा Mb. ˚मार्गः a defile, gorge. ˚लङ्घनम् surmounting difficu- lties. (
    -नः) a camel. ˚संचरः
    1 a difficult passage as to a fort &c., a bridge &c. over a defile. ˚संस्कारः Repairs to the old forts; अतो दुर्गसंस्कार आरब्धव्ये किं कौमुदीमहोत्सवेन Mu. ˚सिंहः N. of the author of कलापपरिशिष्ट. ˚व्यसनम् a defect or weak point in a fortress. (
    -र्गा) an epithet of Pārvatī, wife of Śiva.
    -2 the female cuckoo
    -3 N. of several plants. ˚नवमी the 9th day of the bright half of कार्तिक. ˚पूजा the chief festival in honour of दुर्गा in Bengal in the month of Āśvina.
    -गत a.
    1 unfortunate, in bad circumstances; समाश्वसिमि केनाहं कथं प्राणिमि दुर्गतः Bk.18.1.
    -2 indigent, poor.
    -3 distressed, in trouble.
    -गतता ill-luck, poverty, misery; तावज्जन्मातिदुःखाय ततो दुर्गतता सदा Pt.1.265.
    -गतिः f.
    1 misfortune, poverty, want, trouble, indigence; न हि कल्याणकृत्कश्चिद् दुर्गतिं तात गच्छति Bg.6.4.
    -2 a difficult situation or path.
    -3 hell.
    -गन्ध a. ill-smelling.
    (-न्धः) 1 bad odour, stink
    -2 any ill-smelling substance.
    -3 an onion.
    -4 the mango tree. (
    -न्धम्) sochal salt.
    -गन्धि, -गन्धिन् a. ill-smelling.
    -गम a.
    1 impassable, inaccessible, impervious; कामिनीकायकान्तारे कुचपर्वतदुर्गमे Bh.1.86; Śi. 12.49.
    -2 unattainable, difficult of attainment.
    -3 hard to be understood. (
    -मम्) a difficult place like hill etc; भ्राम्यन्ते दुर्गमेष्वपि Pt.5.81.
    -गाढ, -गाध, -गाह्य a. difficult to be fathomed or investigated, unfathomable.
    -गुणितम् not properly studied; चिराम्यस्तपथं याति शास्त्रं दुर्गुणितं यथा Avimārakam.2.4.
    -गोष्ठी evil association; conspiracy. वृद्धो रक्कः कम्पनेशो दुर्गोष्ठीमध्यगो$भवत् Rāj. T.6. 17.
    -ग्रह a.
    1 difficult to be gained or accomplished.
    -2 difficult to be conquered or subjugated; दुर्गाणि दुर्ग्रहाण्यासन् तस्य रोद्धुरपि द्विषाम् R.17.52.
    -3 hard to be understood.
    (-हः) 1 a cramp, spasm.
    -2 obstinacy.
    -3 whim, monomania; कथं न वा दुर्ग्रहदोष एष ते हितेन सम्य- ग्गुरुणापि शम्यते N.9.41.
    -घट a.
    1 difficult. कार्याणि घटयन्नासीद् दुर्घटान्यपि हेलया Rāj. T.4.364.
    -2 impossible.
    -घण a.
    1 closely packed together, very compact.
    -घुरुटः An unbeliever; L. D. B.
    -घोषः 1 a harsh cry.
    -2 a bear.
    -जन a.
    1 wicked, bad, vile.
    -2 slanderous, malicious, mischievous; यथा स्त्रीणां तथा वाचां साधुत्वे दुर्जनो जनः U.1.6. (
    -नः) a bad or wicked person, a malicious or mischievous man, villain; दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतद्विश्वास- कारणम् Chāṇ.24,25; शाम्येत्प्रत्यपकारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4. (दुर्जनायते Den. Ā. to become wicked; स्वजनो$पि दरिद्राणां तत्क्षणाद् दुर्जनायते Pt.1.5.). (दुर्जनीकृ [च्वि] to make blameworthy; दुर्जनीकृतास्मि अनेन मां चित्रगतां दर्शयता Nāg.2).
    -जय a. invincible. (
    -यः) N. of Viṣṇu.
    -जर a.
    1 ever youthful; तस्मिन्स्तनं दुर्जरवीर्यमुल्बणं घोराङ्कमादाय शिशोर्दधावथ Bhāg.1.6.1.
    -2 hard (as food), indigestible.
    -3 difficult to be enjoyed; राजश्रीर्दुर्जरा तस्य नवत्वे भूभुजो$भवत् Rāj. T.5.19.
    -जात a.
    1 unhappy, wretched.
    -2 bad-tempered, bad, wicked; Rāj. T.3. 142.
    -3 false, not genuine. ˚जीयिन् a. one who is born in vain; यो न यातयते वैरमल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः पुमान् । अफलं जन्म तस्याहं मन्ये दुर्जातजायिनः ॥ Mb.
    (-तम्) 1 a misfortune, calamity, difficulty; त्वं तावद् दुर्जाते मे$त्यन्तसाहाय्यकारिणी भव M.3; दुर्जातबन्धुः R.13.72. 'a friend in need or adversity.'
    -2 impropriety.
    -जाति a.
    1 bad natured, vile, wicked; रुदितशरणा दुर्जातीनां सहस्व रुषां फलम् Amaru.96.
    -2 out- cast. (
    -तिः f.) misfortune, ill condition.
    -ज्ञान, -ज्ञेय a. difficult to be known, incomprehensible. उच्चावचेषु भुतेषु दुर्ज्ञेयामकृतात्मभिः Ms.6.73. (
    -यः) N. of Śiva.
    -णयः, -नयः, -नीतिः 1 bad conduct.
    -2 impropriety
    -3 in- justice.
    -णामन्, -नामन् a. having a bad name.
    -णीत a.
    1 ill-behaved.
    -2 impolitic.
    -3 forward. (
    -तम्) miscon- duct; दुर्णीतं किमिहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थानलाभे गुणः H.
    -दम, -दमन, -दम्य a. difficult to be subdued, untamable, indomitable.
    -दर्श a.
    1 difficult to be seen.
    -2 dazzling; सुदुर्दर्शमिदं रूपं दृष्टवानसि यन्मन Bg.11.52.
    -दर्शन a. ugly, ill-looking; दुर्दर्शनेन घटतामियमप्यनेन Māl.2.8.
    -दशा a misfortune, calamity.
    -दान्त a.
    1 hard to be tamed or subdued, untamable; Śi.12.22.
    -2 intractable, proud, insolent; दुर्दान्तानां दमनविधयः क्षत्रियेष्वायतन्ते Mv.3.34.
    (-तः) 1 a calf.
    -2 a strife, quarrel.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -दिन a. cloudy, rainy.
    (-नम्) 1 a bad day in general; तद्दिनं दुर्दिनं मन्ये यत्र मित्रागमो हि न Subhāṣ.
    -2 a rainy or cloudy day, stormy or rainy weather; उन्नमत्यकालदुर्दिनम् Mk.5; Ku.6 43; Mv.4.57.
    -3 a shower (of any- thing); द्विषां विषह्य काकुत्स्थस्तत्र नाराचदुर्दिनम् ॥ सन्मङ्गलस्नात इव R.4.41,82;5.47; U.5.5.
    -4 thick darkness; जीमूतैश्च दिशः सर्वाश्चक्रे तिमिरदुर्दिनाः Mb. (दुर्दिनायते Den. Ā. to become cloudy.)
    -दिवसः a dark or rainy day; Pt.1.173.
    -दुरूटः, -ढः 1 an unbeliever
    -2 an abusive word.
    -दृश a.
    1 disagreeable to the sight, disgusting; दुर्दृशं तत्र राक्षसं घोररूपमपश्यत्सः Mb.1.2.298.
    -2 difficult to be seen; पादचारमिवादित्यं निष्पतन्तं सुदुर्दृशम् Rām.7.33.5.
    -दृष्ट a. ill- judged or seen, wrongly decided; Y.2.35.
    -दैवम् ill-luck, misfortune.
    -द्यूतम् an unfair game.
    -द्रुमः onion (green).
    -धर a.
    1 irresistible, difficult to be stopped.
    -2 difficult to be borne or suffered; दुर्धरेण मदनेन साद्यते Ghat.11; Ms.7.28.
    -3 difficult to be accomplished.
    -4 difficult to be kept in memory. (
    -रः) quicksilver.
    -धर्ष a.
    1 inviolable, unassailable.
    -2 inaccessible; संयोजयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् । समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्य- मतः परम् ॥ H. Pr.5.
    -3 fearful, dreadful.
    -4 haughty.
    -धी a. stupid, silly.
    -नयः 1 arrogance.
    -2 immorality.
    -3 evil strategy; उन्मूलयितुमीशो$हं त्रिवर्गमिव दुर्नयः Mu.5.22.
    -नामकः piles. ˚अरिः a kind of bulbous root (Mar. सुरण).
    -नामन् m. f. a cockle. (-n.) piles.
    -निग्रह a. irre- pressible, unruly; मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् Bg.6.35.
    -निमित a. carelessly put or placed on the ground; पदे पदे दुर्निमिते गलन्ती R.7.1.
    -निमित्तम् 1 a bad omen; R.14.5.
    -2 a bad pretext.
    -निवार, -निवार्य a. difficult to be check- ed or warded off, irresistible, invincible.
    -नीतम् 1 mis- conduct, bad policy, demerit, misbehaviour; दुर्णीतं किमि- हास्ति Pt.2.21; H.1.49.
    -2 ill-luck.
    -नीतिः f. mal- administration; दुर्नीतिं तव वीक्ष्य कोपदहनज्वालाजटालो$पि सन्; Bv.4.36.
    -नृपः a bad king; आसीत् पितृकुलं तस्य भक्ष्यं दुर्नृप- रक्षसः Rāj. T.5.417.
    -न्यस्त a. badly arranged; दुर्न्यस्त- पुष्परचितो$पि Māl.9.44.
    -बल a.
    1 weak, feeble.
    -2 enfeebled, spiritless; दुर्बलान्यङ्गकानि U.1.24.
    -3 thin, lean, emaciated; U.3.
    -4 small, scanty, little; स्वार्थोप- पत्तिं प्रति दुर्बलाशः R.5.12.
    -बाध a. Unrestrained (अनिवार); दुर्बाधो जनिदिवसान्मम प्रवृद्धः (आधिः); Mv.6.28.
    -बाल a.
    1 bald-headed.
    -2 void of prepuce.
    -3 having crook- ed hair.
    -बुद्धि a.
    1 silly, foolish, stupid.
    -2 perverse, evil-minded, wicked; धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः (समा- गताः) Bg.1.23
    -बुध a. wicked-minded, silly; Mb. 11.4.18.
    -बोध a. unintelligible, unfathomable, inscru- table; निसर्गदुर्बोधमबोधविक्लवाः क्व भूपतीनां चरितं क्व जन्तवः Ki. 1.6.
    -भग a.
    1 unfortunate, unlucky; श्रीवल्लभं दुर्भगाः (निन्दन्ति) Pt.1.415.
    -2 not possessed of good features, ill-looking.
    -भगा 1 a wife disliked by her husband; दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना H.1.17.
    -2 an ill-tempered woman, a shrew.
    -3 a widow;
    -भर a. insupportable, burdensome, heavily laden with (comp.); ततो राजाब्रवीदेतं बहुव्यसनदुर्भरः Ks.112.156.
    -भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky. (
    ग्यम्) ill-luck.
    -भावना 1 an evil thought.
    -2 a bad tendency.
    -भिक्षम् 1 scarcity of provisions, dearth, famine; Y.2.147; Ms.8.22; उत्सवे व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे... यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः H.1.71; Pt.2.
    -2 want in general.
    -भिद, -भेद, -भेद्य a. firm; सुजनस्तु कनकघटवद् दुर्भेद्यश्चाशु संध्येयः Subhāṣ.
    -भृत्यः a bad servant.
    -भिषज्यम् incurability; Bṛi. Up.4.3.14.
    -भ्रातृ m. a bad brother.
    -मङ्कु a. obstinate, disobedient.
    -मति a.
    1 silly, stupid, foolish, ignorant.
    -2 wicked, evilminded; न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् Ms.11.3.
    -मद a. drun- ken, ferocious, maddened, infatuated; Bhāg.1.15.7.
    -दः foolish pride, arrogance.
    -दम् the generative organ; ग्रामकं नाम विषयं दुर्मदेन समन्वितः Bhāg.4.25.52.
    -मनस् a. troubled in mind, discouraged, disspirited, sad, malancholy; अद्य बार्हस्पतः श्रीमान् युक्तः पुष्येण राघवः । प्रोच्यतै ब्राह्मणैः प्राज्ञैः केन त्वमसि दुर्मनाः ॥ Rām. [दुर्मनायते Den. Ā. to be troubled in mind, be sad, meditate sorrowfully, to be disconso- late, become vexed or fretted; Māl.3].
    -मनुष्यः a bad or wicked man.
    -मन्त्रः, -मन्त्रितम्, -मन्त्रणा evil advice, bad counsel; दुर्मन्त्रान्नृपतिर्विनश्यति; Pt.1.169.
    -मरम् a hard or difficult death; Mb.14.61.9.
    -मरी a kind of दूर्वा grass.
    -मरणम् violent or unnatural death.
    -मर्ष a.
    1 unbearable; Bhāg.6.5.42.
    -2 obstinate, hostile.
    -मर्षणः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -मर्षित a. provocated, encouraged; एवं दुर्मर्षितो राजा स मात्रा बभ्रुवाहनः Mb.14. 79.13,
    -मर्याद a. immodest, wicked.
    -मल्लिका, -मल्ली a minor drama, comedy, farce; S. D.553.
    -मित्रः 1 a bad friend.
    -2 an enemy.
    -मुख a.
    1 having a bad face, hideous, ugly; Bh.1.9.
    -2 foul-mouthed, abusive, scurrilous; Bh.2.69.
    (-खः) 1 a horse.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 N. of a serpent king (Nm.)
    -4 N. of a monkey (Nm.)
    -5 N. of a year (29th year out of 6 years cycle).
    -मूल्य a. highly priced, dear.
    -मेधस् a. silly, foolish, dull-headed, dull; Pt.1. (-m.) a dunce, dull-headed man, blockhead; ग्रन्थानधीत्य व्याकर्तु- मिति दुर्मेधसो$प्यलम् Śi.2.26.
    -मैत्र a. unfriendly, hostile; Bhāg.7.5.27.
    -यशस् n. ill-repute, dishonour.
    -योगः 1 bad or clumsy contrivance.
    -2 a bad combi- nation.
    -योध, -योधन a. invincible, unconquerable. (
    -नः) the eldest of the 11 sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī. [From his early years he conceived a deep hatred for his cousins the Pāṇḍavas, but particularly Bhīma, and made every effort he could to compass their destruction. When his father pro- posed to make Yudhiṣṭhira heir-apparent, Duryodhana did not like the idea, as his father was the reigning sovereign, and prevailed upon his blind father to send the Pāṇḍavas away into exile. Vāraṇāvata was fixed upon as their abode, and under pretext of constructing a palatial building for their residence, Duryodhana caused a palace to be built mostly of lac, resin and other combustible materials, thereby hoping to see them all destroyed when they should enter it. But the Paṇḍavas were forewarned and they safely escaped. They then lived at Indraprastha, and Yudhiṣṭhira performed the Rājasuya sacrifice with great pomp and splendour. This event further excited the anger and jealousy of Duryodhana, who was already vexed to find that his plot for burning them up had signally failed, and he induced his father to invite the Pāṇḍavas to Hastināpura to play with dice (of which Yudhiṣṭhira was particularly fond). In that gambling-match, Duryodhana, who was ably assisted by his maternal uncle Śakuni, won from Yudhiṣṭhira everything that he staked, till the infatuated gambler staked himself, his brothers, and Draupadī herself, all of whom shared the same fate. Yudhiṣṭhira, as a condition of the wager, was forced to go to the forest with his wife and brothers, and to remain there for twelve years and to pass one addi- tional year incognito. But even this period, long as it was, expired, and after their return from exile both the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas made great preparations for the inevitable struggle and the great Bhāratī war commenced. It lasted for eighteen days during which all the Kauravas, with most of their allies, were slain. It was on the last day of the war that Bhīma fought a duel with Duryodhana and smashed his thigh with his club.] मोघं तवेदं भुवि नामधेयं दुर्योधनेतीह कृतं पुरस्तात् न हीह दुर्योधनता तवास्ति पलायमानस्य रणं विहाय Mb.4.65.17.
    -योनि a. of a low birth, न कथंचन दुर्योनिः प्रकृतिं स्वां नियच्छति Ms.1.59.
    -लक्ष्य a. difficult to be seen or perceived, hardly visible.
    -क्ष्यम् bad aim; मनः प्रकृत्यैव चलं दुर्लक्ष्यं च तथापि मे Ratn.3.2.
    -लभ a.
    1 difficult to be attained, or accomplished; R.1.67;17.7; Ku.4.4;5.46,61; दुर्लभं भारते जन्म मानुष्यं तत्र दुर्लभम् Subhāṣ.
    -2 difficult to be found or met with, scarce, rare; शुद्धान्तदुर्लभम् Ś.1.17.
    -3 best, excellent, eminent.
    -ग्रामः a village situated close to a large village and inhabited by the free-holders (अग्र- हारोपजीविनः); Māna.1.79-8.
    -4 dear, beloved.
    -5 costly.
    -ललित a.
    1 spoilt by fondling, fondled too much, hard to please; हा मदङ्कदुर्ललित Ve.4; V.2.8; Māl.9.
    -2 (hence) wayward, naughty, illbred, unruly; स्पृहयामि खलु दुर्ललितायास्मै Ś.7. (
    -तम्) waywardness, rudeness.
    -लेख्यम् a forged document. Y.2.91.
    -वच a.
    1 difficult to be described, indescribable. अपि वागधिपस्य दुर्वचं वचनं तद् विदधीत विस्मयम् Ki.2.2.
    -2 not to be talked about.
    -3 speaking improperly, abusing. (
    -चम्) abuse, censure, foul language.
    -वचस् n. abuse, censure; असह्यं दुर्वचो ज्ञातेर्मेघा- न्तरितरौद्रवत् Udb.
    -वर्ण a. bad-coloured.
    -र्णः 1 bad colour.
    -2 impurity; यथा हेम्नि स्थितो वह्निर्दुवर्णं हन्ति धातु- जम् Bhāg.12.3.47.
    (-र्णम्) 1 silver. दुर्वर्णभित्तिरिह सान्द्रसुधासुवर्णा Śi.4.28.
    -2 a kind of leprosy.
    -वस a. difficult to be resided in.
    -वसतिः f. painful residence; R.8.94.
    -वह a. heavy, difficult to be borne; दुर्वहगर्भखिन्नसीता U.2.1; Ku.1.11.
    -वाच् a. speaking ill. (-f.)
    1 evil words, abuse.
    -2 inelegant language or speech.
    -वाच्य a.
    1 difficult to be spoken or uttered.
    -2 abusive, scurrilous.
    -3 harsh, cruel (as words).
    (-च्यम्) 1 censure, abuse.
    -2 scandal, ill-repute.
    -वातः a fart. ˚वातय Den. P. to break wind or fart; इत्येके विहसन्त्येनमेके दुर्वातयन्ति च Bhāg.11.23.4.
    -वादः slander, defamation, calumny.
    -वार, -वारण a. irresistible, unbearable; R.14.87; किं चायमरिदुर्वारः पाणौ पाशः प्रचेतसः Ku.2.21.
    -वासना 1 evil propensity, wicked desire; कः शत्रुर्वद खेददानकुशलो दुर्वासनासंचयः Bv. 1.86.
    -2 a chimera.
    -वासस् a.
    1 ill-dressed.
    -2 naked. (-m.) N. of a very irascible saint or Ṛiṣi, son of Atri and Anasūyā. (He was very hard to please, and he cursed many a male and female to suffer misery and degradation. His anger, like that of Jama- dagni, has become almost proverbial.)
    -वाहितम् a heavy burden; उरोजपूर्णकुम्भाङ्का सदुर्वाहितविभ्रमा Rāj. T.4.18.
    -विगाह, -विगाह्य a. difficult to be penetrated or fathomed, unfathomable.
    -विचिन्त्य inconcei- vable, inscrutable
    -विद a. difficult to be known or discovered; नूनं गतिः कृतान्तस्य प्राज्ञैरपि सुदुर्विदा Mb.7.78. 2.
    -विदग्ध 1 unskilled, raw, foolish, stupid, silly.
    -2 wholly ignorant.
    -3 foolishly puffed up, elated. vainly proud; वृथाशस्त्रग्रहणदुर्विदग्ध Ve.3; ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रञ्जयति Bh.2.3.
    -विद्ध a. Badly perforated (a pearl); Kau. A.2.11.
    -विद्य a. uneducated; Rāj. T.1.354.
    -विध a.
    1 mean, base, low.
    -2 wicked, vile.
    -3 poor, indigent; विदधाते रुचिगर्वदुर्विधम् N.2.23.
    -4 stupid, foolish, silly; विविनक्ति न बुद्धिदुर्विधः Śi.16.39.
    -विनयः misconduct, imprudence.
    -विनीत a.
    1 (a) badly educated, ill-mannered; ill-behaved, wicked; शासितरि दुर्विनीतानाम् Ś.1.24. (b) rude, naughty, mis- chievous.
    -2 stubborn, obstinate.
    (-तः) 1 a restive or untrained horse.
    -2 a wayward person, reprobate.
    -विपाक a. producing bad fruit; श्रितासि चन्दनभ्रान्त्या दुर्विपाकं विषद्रुमम् U.1.46.
    (-कः) 1 bad result or conse- quence; U.1.4; किं नो विधिरिह वचने$प्यक्षमो दुर्विपाकः Mv. 6.7.
    -2 evil consequences of acts done either in this or in a former birth.
    -विभाव्य a. inconceivable; also दुर्विभाव; असद्वृत्तेरहो वृत्तं दुर्विभावं विधेरिव Ki.11.56.
    -विमर्श a. difficult to be tried or examined; यो दुर्विमर्शपथया निजमाययेदं सृष्ट्वा गुणान्विभजते तदनुप्रविष्टः Bhāg.1.49.29.
    -विलसितम् a wayward act, rudeness, naughtiness; डिम्भस्य दुर्विलसितानि मुदे गुरूणाम् B. R.4.6.
    -विलासः a bad or evil turn of fate; U.1.
    -विवाहः a censurable marriage; इतरेषु तु शिष्टेषु नृशंसानृतवादिनः । जायन्ते दुर्विवाहेषु ब्रह्मधर्मद्विषः सुताः ॥ Ms.3.41.
    -विष a. ill-natured, malignant. (
    -षः) N. of Śiva.
    -विषह a. unbearable, intolerable, irresistible. (
    -हः) N. of Śiva.
    -वृत्त a.
    1 vile, wicked, ill-behaved.
    -2 roguish. (
    -त्तम्) misconduct, ill-behaviour. दुर्वृत्तवृत्तशमनं तव देवि शीलम् Devīmāhātmya.
    -वृत्तिः f.
    1 misconduct.
    -2 misery, want, distress.
    -3 fraud.
    -वृष्टिः f. insufficient rain, drought.
    -वेद a. difficult to be known or ascertained.
    -व्यवहारः a wrong judgment in law.
    -व्यवहृतिः f. ill-report or rumour.
    -व्यसनम् 1 a fond pursuit or resolve; Mu.3.
    -2 bad propensity, vice; तेन दुर्व्यसनेनासीद्भोजने$पि कदर्थना Ks.73.73.
    -व्रत a. not conforming to rules, disobedient.
    -हुतम् a badly offered sacrifice.
    -हृद् a. wicked-hearted, ill-disposed, inimical; अकुर्वतोर्वां शुश्रूषां क्लिष्टयोर्दुर्हृदा भृशम् Bhāg.1.45.9. (-m.) an enemy.
    -हृदय a. evil-minded, evil-intention- ed, wicked.
    -हृषीक a. having defective organs of sense.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > दुर् _dur

  • 3 pena

    f.
    1 shame, pity.
    da pena no poder hacer nada it's a shame o pity we can't do anything
    el pobre me da pena I feel sorry for the poor chap
    ¡qué pena! what a shame o pity!
    2 sadness, sorrow (tristeza).
    sentía una gran pena I felt terribly sad
    3 problem, trouble (desgracia).
    4 struggle.
    a duras penas with great difficulty
    5 punishment (castigo).
    le cayó o le impusieron una pena de treinta años he was sentenced to o given thirty years
    so o bajo pena de under penalty of
    pena capital o de muerte death penalty
    6 embarrassment. (Caribbean Spanish (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela), Central American Spanish, Colombian Spanish, Mexican Spanish)
    me da pena I'm embarrassed about it
    7 grief, regret, sorrow, heartache.
    8 penna, contour feather.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: penar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: penar.
    * * *
    1 (castigo) sentence, punishment
    2 (tristeza) grief, sorrow
    3 (lástima) pity
    ■ ¡qué pena que no podáis venir! it's a shame you can't make it!
    4 (dificultad) hardship, trouble
    \
    a duras penas with great difficulty
    de pena familiar awful, terrible, pathetic
    hecho,-a una pena familiar in a bad way
    merecer la pena / valer la pena to be worth while, be worth it
    sin pena ni gloria undistinguished
    pena capital capital punishment
    pena de muerte death penalty
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) pity
    3) penalty, punishment
    4) difficulty, trouble
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=tristeza) sorrow

    tenía mucha pena después de la muerte de su hijo — she grieved a lot o was extremely upset after her son's death

    • alma en pena — lost soul

    • dar pena, da pena verlos sufrir así — it's sad to see them suffer like that

    me daba pena dejar España — I was sad o sorry to leave Spain

    • morir de (la) pena — to die of a broken heart

    sin pena ni gloria —

    2) (=lástima) shame, pity

    ¿no podéis venir? ¡qué pena! — you can't come? what a shame o a pity!

    ¡es una pena que no tengamos más tiempo! — it's a shame o a pity that we haven't got more time!, it's too bad we haven't got more time! (EEUU)

    • de pena, la economía va de pena — the economy is in a terrible state

    • estar hecho una pena — to be in a sorry state

    3) pl penas (=problemas)
    4) (=esfuerzo)

    • ahorrarse la pena — to save o.s. the trouble, save o.s. the bother *

    • merecer o valer la pena — to be worth

    ¿merece la pena visitar la catedral? — is the cathedral worth a visit?

    5) (Jur) sentence

    • bajo o so pena de — [+ castigo, multa, prisión] on o under penalty of

    bajo pena de muerte — on pain of death, on o under penalty of death

    tiene prohibido hacerlo, so pena de ser expulsado — he is forbidden to do it, on o under penalty of expulsion

    pena máxima — maximum sentence; (Ftbl) penalty

    6) Méx, And (=vergüenza) embarrassment

    ¡qué pena! — how embarrassing!

    sentir o tener pena — to be o feel embarrassed, be o feel ill at ease

    7) And (=fantasma) ghost
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( tristeza)

    tenía/sentía mucha pena — he was o felt very sad

    me da pena verlo — it upsets me o it makes me sad to see it

    b) ( lástima) pity, shame

    qué pena! — what a pity o shame!

    es una pena que... — it's a pity (that)...

    de pena — (Esp) terrible

    estar hecho una pena — to be in a sorry o terrible state

    vale or merece la pena — it's worth it

    vale la pena leerlo/visitarlo — it's worth reading/a visit

    no vale la pena intentar convencerlo — there's no point o it's not worth trying to persuade him

    2) penas femenino plural
    a) ( problemas) sorrows (pl)

    me contó sus penas — he told me his troubles o (liter or hum) woes

    a duras penas — ( apenas) hardly; ( con dificultad) with difficulty

    b) ( penalidades) hardship
    3) (Der) sentence

    bajo or so pena de — (frml) on pain of (frml)

    4) (AmL exc CS) ( vergüenza) embarrassment

    quitado de la pena — (Méx) blithely, gaily

    5) (Per) ( fantasma) ghost
    * * *
    = woe, distress, grief, regret, criminalisation [criminalization, -USA], grieving, woefulness, heartache, misery.
    Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.
    Ex. The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.
    Ex. This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.
    Ex. Spalding's regret is quite understandable, for few of those seeking to identify particular editions in the catalog will fail to be confused by the results of this decision.
    Ex. In our opinion, it is more relevant to focus on the Cuban government's criminalization of the unauthorized ownership of computers and its effective banning of the World Wide Web.
    Ex. The article 'Words of comfort: resources for the living and dying' reviews books on death and grieving for purposes of collection development in the area.
    Ex. In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.
    Ex. Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.
    Ex. Perhaps Jane Austen was aware of this, for having stated the fact of the elopement briefly, she says airily: 'Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery, I quit such odious subjects as soon as I can'.
    ----
    * a duras pena = with great difficulty.
    * alegrías y penas = pleasures and pains.
    * alma en pena = banshee.
    * arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.
    * avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.
    * causar pena = cause + hurt.
    * chillar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.
    * condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * contarle las penas a Alguien = sob + Posesivo + heart out to.
    * de puta pena = appalling, deplorable.
    * en pena = in grief.
    * ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * gemir como alma en pena = wail like + a banshee.
    * gritar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.
    * merecer la pena = be worth + the effort, be worthwhile, be worth + Posesivo + time, be worth it.
    * merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.
    * merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.
    * merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.
    * merecer la pena + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio, be worthy of + Gerundio, it + be + worth + Gerundio.
    * merecer la pena intentarlo = be worth a try.
    * merecerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.
    * no merecer la pena = be no good.
    * no valer la pena = be no good.
    * parecer + merecer la pena + Infinitivo = seem + worth + Gerundio.
    * pena capital = capital punishment.
    * pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.
    * pena de prisión = custodial sentence, jail sentence.
    * que merece la pena = worthwhile.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * sentir pena por = feel + sorry for.
    * valer la pena = be not for nothing, be worth it, be worthwhile, be worth + the effort, be worth + Posesivo + time.
    * valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.
    * valerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( tristeza)

    tenía/sentía mucha pena — he was o felt very sad

    me da pena verlo — it upsets me o it makes me sad to see it

    b) ( lástima) pity, shame

    qué pena! — what a pity o shame!

    es una pena que... — it's a pity (that)...

    de pena — (Esp) terrible

    estar hecho una pena — to be in a sorry o terrible state

    vale or merece la pena — it's worth it

    vale la pena leerlo/visitarlo — it's worth reading/a visit

    no vale la pena intentar convencerlo — there's no point o it's not worth trying to persuade him

    2) penas femenino plural
    a) ( problemas) sorrows (pl)

    me contó sus penas — he told me his troubles o (liter or hum) woes

    a duras penas — ( apenas) hardly; ( con dificultad) with difficulty

    b) ( penalidades) hardship
    3) (Der) sentence

    bajo or so pena de — (frml) on pain of (frml)

    4) (AmL exc CS) ( vergüenza) embarrassment

    quitado de la pena — (Méx) blithely, gaily

    5) (Per) ( fantasma) ghost
    * * *
    = woe, distress, grief, regret, criminalisation [criminalization, -USA], grieving, woefulness, heartache, misery.

    Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.

    Ex: The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.
    Ex: This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.
    Ex: Spalding's regret is quite understandable, for few of those seeking to identify particular editions in the catalog will fail to be confused by the results of this decision.
    Ex: In our opinion, it is more relevant to focus on the Cuban government's criminalization of the unauthorized ownership of computers and its effective banning of the World Wide Web.
    Ex: The article 'Words of comfort: resources for the living and dying' reviews books on death and grieving for purposes of collection development in the area.
    Ex: In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.
    Ex: Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.
    Ex: Perhaps Jane Austen was aware of this, for having stated the fact of the elopement briefly, she says airily: 'Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery, I quit such odious subjects as soon as I can'.
    * a duras pena = with great difficulty.
    * alegrías y penas = pleasures and pains.
    * alma en pena = banshee.
    * arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.
    * avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.
    * causar pena = cause + hurt.
    * chillar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.
    * condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * contarle las penas a Alguien = sob + Posesivo + heart out to.
    * de puta pena = appalling, deplorable.
    * en pena = in grief.
    * ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * gemir como alma en pena = wail like + a banshee.
    * gritar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.
    * merecer la pena = be worth + the effort, be worthwhile, be worth + Posesivo + time, be worth it.
    * merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.
    * merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.
    * merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.
    * merecer la pena + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio, be worthy of + Gerundio, it + be + worth + Gerundio.
    * merecer la pena intentarlo = be worth a try.
    * merecerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.
    * no merecer la pena = be no good.
    * no valer la pena = be no good.
    * parecer + merecer la pena + Infinitivo = seem + worth + Gerundio.
    * pena capital = capital punishment.
    * pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.
    * pena de prisión = custodial sentence, jail sentence.
    * que merece la pena = worthwhile.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * sentir pena por = feel + sorry for.
    * valer la pena = be not for nothing, be worth it, be worthwhile, be worth + the effort, be worth + Posesivo + time.
    * valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.
    * valerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (tristeza): tenía mucha pena he was o felt very sad
    me da pena ver a esos niños pidiendo limosna it upsets me o it makes me sad to see those children begging
    a mí la que me da pena es su pobre mujer it's his poor wife I feel sorry for
    está que da pena she's in a terrible state
    no te imaginas la pena que me da tener que decírtelo you can't imagine how much it hurts me to have to tell you
    lloraba con tanta pena he was crying so bitterly
    sentí mucha pena cuando me enteré de su muerte I was very sad to hear of his death
    2 (lástima) pity, shame
    ¡qué pena que no te puedas quedar! what a pity o a shame you can't stay!
    es una pena que no hayas seguido sus consejos it's a pity you didn't take her advice
    de pena ( Esp); terrible
    ese vestido le queda de pena that dress looks terrible o awful o dreadful on her
    en las fotos siempre salgo de pena I always look awful o terrible in photographs
    ¿cómo te fue en el examen? — de pena how was your exam? — awful o terrible, how did you get on in your exam? — really badly
    estar hecho una pena to be in a sorry o terrible state, be in a bad way
    sin pena ni gloria almost unnoticed
    una película que pasó por las carteleras sin pena ni gloria a movie which came and went almost unnoticed
    pasó por la universidad sin pena ni gloria he had an undistinguished university career
    vale or merece la pena it's worth it
    merece la pena leerlo it's worth reading
    no vale la pena intentar convencerlo there's no point o it's not worth trying to persuade him
    un museo que bien vale la pena visitar a museum which is well worth a visit o ( frml) which is worthy of a visit
    bien merece la pena correr el riesgo it's well worth the risk
    1
    (dolores, problemas): bebe para ahogar las penas she drinks to drown her sorrows
    vino a contarme sus penas he came to tell me his problems o troubles o ( literor hum) woes
    sus hijos no le han dado más que penas her children have caused her nothing but sorrow o heartache
    a duras penas (apenas) hardly; (con dificultad) with difficulty
    te oigo a duras penas I can scarcely o hardly o barely hear you
    subió a duras penas las escaleras she had great difficulty climbing the stairs
    llegaron a la meta, pero a duras penas they reached the finishing line, but only just o only with difficulty
    2 (penurias, dificultades) hardship
    pasamos muchas penas para pagarlo we suffered great hardship to pay for it
    pasaron grandes penas durante la expedición they underwent great difficulties o hardship during the expedition
    C ( Der) sentence
    el juez le impuso la pena máxima the judge gave him the maximum sentence
    bajo or so pena de ( frml); on pain of ( frml), under penalty of ( frml)
    so pena de caer en repeticiones at the risk of repeating myself
    Compuestos:
    afflictive punishment
    death penalty
    los que se oponen a la pena capital those opposed to the death penalty o to capital punishment
    corporal punishment
    death penalty
    fine
    custodial sentence
    D ( AmL exc CS) (vergüenza) embarrassment
    le da una pena horrible hablar en público she's terribly shy o embarrassed about speaking in public
    me da pena molestarlos a esta hora de la noche I feel awful o terrible o embarrassed disturbing you at this time of night
    me puse roja de la pena I went red with embarrassment
    quitado de la pena ( Méx); blithely, gaily
    E ( Per) (fantasma) ghost
    * * *

     

    Del verbo penar: ( conjugate penar)

    pena es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    pena    
    penar    
    peña
    pena sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) ( tristeza):

    ◊ tenía/sentía mucha peña he was o felt very sad;

    me da peña verlo it upsets me o it makes me sad to see it;
    a mí la que me da peña es su mujer it's his wife I feel sorry for;
    está que da peña she's in a terrible state

    ◊ ¡qué peña! what a pity o shame!;

    es una peña que … it's a pity (that) …;
    vale or merece la peña it's worth it;
    vale la peña leerlo/visitarlo it's worth reading/a visit
    2
    ◊ penas sustantivo femenino plural

    a) ( problemas) sorrows (pl);


    me contó sus peñas he told me his troubles;
    a duras peñas ( apenas) hardly;

    ( con dificultad) with difficulty

    3 (Der) sentence;

    peña capital or de muerte death penalty
    4 (AmL exc CS) ( vergüenza) embarrassment;
    ◊ ¡qué peña! how embarrasing!;

    me da mucha peña pedírselo I'm too embarrassed to ask him
    peña sustantivo femenino
    1 ( roca) crag, rock
    2


    b) (AmL) tb


    pena sustantivo femenino
    1 (castigo) punishment, penalty: fue condenado a pena de muerte, he was sentenced to death
    2 (tristeza) grief, sorrow, sadness: es una pena que no vengas, it's a pity you're not coming
    3 (dificultad) hardships pl, trouble
    ♦ Locuciones: estar hecho una pena, to be in a terrible state
    merecer o valer la pena, to be worth: no merece la pena que lo hagas, it's not worth doing it
    a duras penas, hardly
    sin pena ni gloria, almost unnoticed
    peña sustantivo femenino
    1 rock, crag
    2 (de socios, de amigos) club
    3 fam (gente) people
    (pandilla) gang
    ' peña' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ay
    - cáliz
    - capital
    - cicatrizar
    - compensar
    - condonar
    - conmutar
    - dar
    - desgarrador
    - desgarradora
    - garrote
    - horda
    - lamentable
    - lastimosa
    - lastimoso
    - merecer
    - mortificar
    - mortificarse
    - pena
    - pesar
    - rebajar
    - sentimiento
    - so
    - valer
    - aliviar
    - castigar
    - causar
    - consumir
    - dolor
    - enorme
    - gemido
    - grande
    - herida
    - hondo
    - imponer
    - indultar
    - indulto
    - inmenso
    - lástima
    - mal
    - mitigar
    - presidio
    - prisión
    - severidad
    - suspirar
    English:
    bother
    - capital punishment
    - carry
    - dear
    - death penalty
    - grief
    - grieve
    - hassle
    - heart
    - jail
    - mope about
    - mope around
    - numb
    - opposed
    - pay
    - pay off
    - penalty
    - prostrate
    - remission
    - retribution
    - sentence
    - shame
    - sorrow
    - term
    - trouble
    - try
    - wail
    - worth
    - worthwhile
    - against
    - ashamed
    - broken
    - capital
    - community
    - death
    - effort
    - embarrassed
    - embarrassing
    - embarrassment
    - hurt
    - mortified
    - painfully
    - pity
    - sort
    - suspended
    - well
    * * *
    pena nf
    1. [lástima] shame, pity;
    es una pena (que no puedas venir) it's a shame o pity (you can't come);
    da pena no poder hacer nada it's a shame o pity we can't do anything;
    el pobre me da pena I feel sorry for the poor guy;
    me da pena ver lo pobres que son it's awful to see how poor they are;
    me da pena tener que irme ya I hate to have to leave already;
    ¡qué pena! what a shame o pity!;
    ¡qué pena de hijo tengo! what a useless son I've got!
    2. [tristeza] sadness, sorrow;
    sentía una gran pena I felt terribly sad
    3. [desgracia] problem, trouble;
    bebe para olvidar o [m5] ahogar las penas he drinks to drown his sorrows;
    me contó sus penas she told me her troubles o about her problems
    4. [dificultad] struggle;
    pasaron grandes penas durante la guerra they suffered great hardship during the war;
    subimos el piano a duras penas we got the piano up the stairs with great difficulty;
    con mi sueldo mantengo a duras penas a mi familia my salary is barely enough for me to support my family;
    consiguieron llegar a duras penas they only just managed to get there
    5. [castigo] punishment;
    le cayó o [m5] le impusieron una pena de treinta años he was sentenced to o given thirty years;
    cumplió pena en la prisión de Alcatraz he served his sentence in Alcatraz;
    Formal
    so o [m5] bajo pena de [bajo castigo de] under penalty of;
    [a menos que] unless pena capital death penalty;
    pena de cárcel prison sentence;
    pena máxima [jurídica] maximum sentence;
    [en fútbol] penalty;
    pena de muerte death penalty;
    pena de reclusión prison sentence
    6. CAm, Carib, Col, Méx [vergüenza] embarrassment;
    me da pena I'm embarrassed about it;
    me da pena molestar I'm terribly sorry to bother you;
    tengo pena de hablar con ella I'm too embarrassed to talk to her
    7. Comp
    Esp Fam
    de pena [muy mal] [m5] lo pasamos de pena we had an awful time;
    dibuja/cocina de pena he can't draw/cook to save his life, he's useless at drawing/cooking;
    ese peinado le queda de pena that haircut looks terrible on her;
    Fam
    hecho una pena in a real state;
    (no) valer o [m5] merecer la pena (not) to be worthwhile o worth it;
    una película que merece la pena a movie that's worth seeing;
    vale la pena intentarlo it's worth a try;
    no merece la pena que te preocupes tanto there's no point you getting so worried;
    sin pena ni gloria without distinction;
    un jugador que pasó por el equipo sin pena ni gloria a player who had an undistinguished career in the team;
    el año acabó sin pena ni gloria it was a wholly unremarkable year
    * * *
    f
    1 ( tristeza) sadness, sorrow;
    da pena it’s sad
    2 ( congoja) grief, distress
    3 ( lástima) pity;
    es una pena it’s a shame o pity;
    ¡qué pena! what a shame o pity!
    4 L.Am. ( vergüenza) embarrassment;
    me da pena I’m embarrassed
    5 JUR sentence
    6
    :
    no merece la pena it’s not worth it;
    a duras penas with great difficulty;
    so pena de on pain of;
    sin pena ni gloria almost unnoticed
    * * *
    pena nf
    1) castigo: punishment, penalty
    pena de muerte: death penalty
    2) aflicción: sorrow, grief
    morir de pena: to die of a broken heart
    ¡que pena!: what a shame!, how sad!
    3) dolor: pain, suffering
    4) dificultad: difficulty, trouble
    a duras penas: with great difficulty
    5) vergüenza: shame, embarrassment
    6)
    valer la pena : to be worthwhile
    * * *
    pena n
    1. (tristeza) grief / sorrow / sadness
    2. (lástima) shame / pity
    ¡qué pena! what a pity!
    3. (condena) sentence
    4. (problema) trouble / problem
    merecer la pena / valer la pena to be worth it

    Spanish-English dictionary > pena

  • 4 leiden

    n; -s, -; suffering(s Pl.); (Krankheit) illness, complaint; sie starb nach langem, schwerem Leiden she died after a long and painful illness; es ist das alte Leiden it’s the same old story; das Leiden Christi the Passion; aussehen wie das Leiden Christi umg., fig. look like death warmed up (Am. over)
    * * *
    das Leiden
    complaint; cross; ailment; suffering
    * * *
    Lei|den ['laidn]
    nt -s, -

    das sind (nun mal) die Freuden und Léíden des Lebens! — ah, the ups and downs or the trials and tribulations of life!

    du siehst aus wie das Léíden Christi (inf) — you look like death warmed up (Brit inf) or over (US inf)

    2) (= Krankheit) illness; (= Beschwerden) complaint

    das ist ja eben das Léíden! (inf) — that's just the trouble

    3)

    (hum inf Mensch) ein langes Léíden — a beanpole (inf)

    * * *
    2) (an illness, usually not serious or dangerous: Children often have minor ailments.) ailment
    3) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.) cross
    4) ((a feeling of) pain or misery: The shortage of food caused widespread suffering; She keeps complaining about her sufferings.) suffering
    5) (to undergo, endure or bear pain, misery etc: He suffered terrible pain from his injuries; The crash killed him instantly - he didn't suffer at all; I'll make you suffer for this insolence.) suffer
    6) (to be neglected: I like to see you enjoying yourself, but you mustn't let your work suffer.) suffer
    7) ((with from) to have or to have often (a particular illness etc): She suffers from stomach-aches.) suffer
    8) (illness or weakness (in a particular part of the body): He has heart trouble.) trouble
    * * *
    Lei·den1
    <-s, ->
    [ˈlaidn̩]
    nt
    1. (chronische Krankheit) complaint, ailment
    2. pl (leidvolle Erlebnisse) suffering no pl, no indef art
    3.
    ▶ aussehen wie das \Leiden Christi (fam) to look like hell fam
    Lei·den2
    <-s>
    [ˈlaidn̩]
    nt Leiden, Leyden
    * * *
    das; Leidens, Leiden
    1) (Krankheit) illness; (Gebrechen) complaint
    2) (Qual) suffering

    Freud[en] und Leiden[en] — joy[s] and sorrow[s]

    * * *
    leiden; leidet, litt, hat gelitten
    A. v/i
    1. suffer (
    an, unter +dat from);
    (sehr) leiden (Schmerzen haben) be in (considerable) pain;
    er leidet an einer Leberkrankheit/Herzkrankheit etc he has a liver/heart etc complaint;
    seine Gesundheit litt darunter it took its toll on his health;
    der Motor hat stark gelitten the engine has suffered considerably ( oder suffered considerable damage);
    die Bäume haben am meisten gelitten the trees have suffered most ( oder have come off worst)
    2. fig, nach Kränkung etc: smart (
    unter +dat from)
    B. v/t
    1. (Hunger, Not etc) suffer; weitS. (ertragen) put up with
    2. (aushalten) stand, endure;
    ich kann ihn/es nicht leiden I can’t stand him/it;
    ich hab ihn/es nie leiden können I’ve never liked him/it; stärker: I could never stand him/it;
    mögen like sb, have a soft spot for sb
    3. (dulden)
    er war dort nur gelitten he was only tolerated there;
    sie ist überall/bei ihren Freunden etc
    gut gelitten she is popular ( oder well liked) everywhere/among her friends etc
    …leiden n im subst condition, complaint;
    Asthmaleiden asthmatic complaint;
    Hautleiden skin condition ( oder complaint)
    * * *
    das; Leidens, Leiden
    1) (Krankheit) illness; (Gebrechen) complaint
    2) (Qual) suffering

    Freud[en] und Leiden[en] — joy[s] and sorrow[s]

    * * *
    - n.
    ailment n.
    suffering n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > leiden

  • 5 Ursache

    f cause (+ Gen oder für of); (Grund) reason (for); (Anlass) occasion (for); aus bisher ungeklärter Ursache for reasons that have yet to be explained; nach den Ursachen forschen search for the causes; do research into the causes; ich habe ( alle) Ursache zu (+ Inf.) I have (every) reason to (+ Inf.) er hat keine Ursache zu (+ Inf.) there’s no reason why he should...; Ursache und Wirkung cause and effect; kleine Ursache, große Wirkung great oaks from little acorns grow; keine Ursache! not at all, förm. don’t mention it; Antwort auf Entschuldigung: that’s all right
    * * *
    die Ursache
    parent; account; reason; cause
    * * *
    Ur|sa|che ['uːɐzaxə]
    f
    cause (AUCH PHILOS); (= Grund) reason; (= Beweggrund) motive; (= Anlass) occasion

    Úrsache und Wirkung — cause and effect

    kleine Úrsache, große Wirkung (prov) — big oaks from little acorns grow (prov)

    keine Úrsache! (auf Dank) — don't mention it!, you're welcome!; (auf Entschuldigung) that's all right

    ohne (jede) Úrsache — for no reason (at all)

    aus nichtiger Úrsache — for a trifling reason/trifling reasons

    aus unbekannter Úrsache — for no apparent reason

    aus ungeklärter Úrsache — for reasons unknown

    jdm Úrsache geben, etw zu tun — to give sb cause to do sth

    ich habe alle Úrsache anzunehmen, dass... — I have every reason to suppose that...

    alle/keine Úrsache zu etw haben — to have every/no reason for sth

    alle/keine Úrsache haben, etw zu tun — to have every/no reason to do sth

    or für etw sein — to be the cause of/reason for sth

    * * *
    (something or someone that produces an effect or result: Having no money is the cause of all my misery.) cause
    * * *
    Ur·sa·che
    f (Grund) reason
    das war zwar der Auslöser für diesen Streit, aber nicht dessen eigentliche \Ursache that may have been what triggered this dispute, but it wasn't its actual cause
    ich suche immer noch die \Ursache für das Flackern der Lampen I'm still trying to find out why the lights are flickering
    \Ursache und Wirkung cause and effect
    alle/keine \Ursache [zu etw dat] haben to have good/no cause [or every/no reason] [for sth]
    alle/keine \Ursache haben, etw zu tun to have good/no cause [or every/no reason] to do [or for doing] sth
    die \Ursache [für etw akk [o einer S. gen]] sein to be the cause [of sth [or a thing]] [or reason [for sth]]
    defekte Bremsen waren die \Ursache für den Unfall the accident was caused by faulty brakes
    aus einer bestimmten \Ursache for a certain reason
    das Flugzeug raste aus noch ungeklärter \Ursache gegen einen Berg the plane crashed into a mountain for an as yet unknown reason
    ohne [jede] \Ursache without any real reason
    er kann doch nicht ohne \Ursache so wütend sein there must be a [or some] reason why he's so angry
    ▶ keine \Ursache! don't mention it, you're welcome
    ▶ kleine \Ursache, große Wirkung (prov) great oaks from little acorns grow prov
    * * *
    die cause ( für of)

    keine Ursache! — don't mention it; you're welcome

    * * *
    Ursache f cause (+gen oder
    für of); (Grund) reason (for); (Anlass) occasion (for);
    aus bisher ungeklärter Ursache for reasons that have yet to be explained;
    nach den Ursachen forschen search for the causes; do research into the causes;
    ich habe (alle) Ursache zu (+inf) I have (every) reason to (+inf)
    er hat keine Ursache zu (+inf) there’s no reason why he should …;
    Ursache und Wirkung cause and effect;
    kleine Ursache, große Wirkung great oaks from little acorns grow;
    keine Ursache! not at all, form don’t mention it; Antwort auf Entschuldigung: that’s all right
    * * *
    die cause ( für of)

    keine Ursache! — don't mention it; you're welcome

    * * *
    -n f.
    cause n.
    motive n.
    origin n.
    principle n.
    reason n.
    source n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Ursache

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